Essays on Sustainability and Management by Runa Sarkar & Annapurna Shaw

Author:Runa Sarkar & Annapurna Shaw
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Singapore, Singapore

However, since using ecolabels is not compulsory in most countries (Gallastegui 2002; Hoek et al. 2012), it means that they have potential to become a way of greenwashing. In this context, the distinction of different types of ecolabels is important. Horne (2009) studied the impact of ecolabels and provides a review of the various types of ecolabels ranging from mandatory labels to voluntary labels. Mandatory labels take the form of danger symbols, conformity of standards (e.g. India’s BIS classification), declaration of contents, national rating schemes (e.g. energy efficiency labels), and labels that are provided by research and testing institutions, while voluntary labels are of three types defined by Horne (2009) as,Type I labels are third-party certified product environmental labels schemes that provide use of a logo associated with certified products. This type of label is most commonly referred to in the literature as an ‘eco-label’… Type II labels are based on the self-declarations of manufacturers, importers, distributors or retailers, while Type III provide quantitative life cycle environmental data in a more extensive report format…. (Page 176, 2009)

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